The Collection includes artifacts dating from the Paleolithic to the 12th century B.C. and mainly originate –with a few exceptions- from the Aegean islands. The exhibition includes sherds from all the prehistoric periods, a few intact vessels, some stone and clay Mycenaean statuettes, as well as blades and flakes of obsidian dating from the Neolithic and early Bronze Age. Furthermore, the collection includes a Minoan copper axe and both Paleolithic and Neolithic tools and weapons. Among the exhibits are selected artifacts of the Lower and Middle Paleolithic that originate from Ethiopia.

The exhibits have been distributed in such a fashion as to be presented either according to chronological order (such as the Neolithic and Mycenaean exhibits) or based on geographical distribution.